杰士邦零感容易破损吗:虚拟语态的概述

1．虚拟语气在条件句中的用法

（1）若表示与现在事实相反的假设，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式（would，should，could，might + 动词原形）；若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如：

J I would certainly go if I had time．（现在）

J If it should rain，we wouldn't go out.（将来）

J If I knew German，I would read the paper to you．（现在）

J If he were here，we could ask him．（现在）

（2）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成式（should，would，could，might + have + 过去分词）。如：

J If I had set off a little earlier， I would have caught the train．

J She would / might have come if she hadn't been so busy．

J If I hadn't taken your advice，I would have made a bad mistake．

J If only you hadn't told him the news．

（3）含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were 这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如：

J Had they time（=If they had time），they would certainly come and help us．

J Should it be fine（=If it should be fine），we would go for an outing．

J Were I go（=If I were you）， I would go．

（4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如：

J If it had rained last night（过去），It would be very cold today（现在）．

J If I had taken your advice（过去），I should have no trouble with the work now（现在）．

2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法

在动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如：

J I suggest that we（should）set off at once．

JThe doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed．

JI wish I were as strong as you．

J I would rather that you hadn't told him．

3．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法

在It is necessary/important/strange/natural；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed；it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：

J It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once．

JIt is requested that Professor Li（should）give us a speech．

JIt is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight．

4．虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。

在 suggestion， proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：

J Our suggestion is that you（ should）be the first to go．

J My advice is that we（should）send for Doctor Li．

J Do you know the order that you（should）keep watch？

5．虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法

在as if引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符；在so that，in order that引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如：

JThey talked as if they had been friends for years．

J She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother．

J He took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train．

6．虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：

在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。

J It’s time I was going.

J It’s time somebody taught you to behave yourself.

昨天向一位老外朋友请教，不小心知道了虚拟语气的一些新变化，所以不敢独享，马上发上来供大家参考。

先说说我的问题吧。关于hope和wish用法上的区别。举一个例子就很容易理解了。

I hope I can be a millionaire.

I wish I could be a millionaire.

用法上的区别显而易见了，所以不多解释了。然后就涉及到了虚拟语态的问题。因为我们讲到一句句子：

If I was you, ....

看到这句，相信不少人会说，错错错错错！！！！！！和我当时一样的反应拉。。然后老外告诉我，这是对的，而且现在越来越倾向于用If I was you,....而不是If I were you,....

他是这样解释的：
拿上面的例句来解释，I wish I could be a millionaire. 中的could可以看作can的过去式。那么am的过去式是什么呢？WAS！所以咯。（注意，这句句子中wish后面的从句可以看作虚拟语态）

不过，我们的英语老师们还是告诉我们，If I were you,....现在这种说法也是对的，maybe it will be out of date some day. 考试的时候嘛，学生朋友们还是用were保险点吧。呵呵。。。