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由whose引导的定语从句

一 、学习由whose引导的定语从句
whose 是定语从句中一个常用的关系代词， 它是关系代词who的所有格，在从句中作定语，也就是说当先行词与从句中某个名词有所属关系，表达“……的”意思时，用关系代词whose 引导定语从句，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物，既可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
例：①Mr King,whose legs were badly hurt, was taken to the hospital. 金先生腿受重伤，被送进了医院。
②They lives in a room whose window opens to the south. 他们住在一间窗户朝南开的房间里。
whose短语在定语从句中有时可作介词宾语， 即构成“介词＋whose＋名词”引导定语从句并在从句中作状语。
例：①The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident. 金先生工作所在的部门领导已经听人说过这一意外事故。
②He is the student of whose brother we are always proud. 他就是那个我们总是为他哥哥感到骄傲的学生。
whose引导定语从句时,通常可与of which/of whom引导的定语从句进行转换。
例：①I made a table,the surface of which(of which the surface)is quite smooth. 我制了张桌子，桌面很光滑。
I made a table, whose surface is quite smooth.
②I live in a room whose window(the window of which或of which the window)opens to the south. 我住在一间窗户朝南开的屋子里。
③The professor of whom a daughter(a daughter of whom) has gone abroad is very famous in China. 那位他的女儿已经出国了的教授在国内很有名。

二 、语法句型
1 、不定式作目的状语
不定式具有副词的特征，在句中可以作目的状语，修饰谓语动词，表示动作或状态的目的。
例：He came to see me last Sunday. 他上星期天来看过我。
为了强调目的状语，可以用in order to＋动词原形，甚至可以将in order to短语提到句首。
例：①I had to lie to the company and pretend to be a man in order to get a job. 为了得到工作，我不得不对公司撒谎，并装扮成男人。
②In order to catch the train, I’ll get up very early tomorrow morning. 为了赶火车，我明天将很早起床。
此外还可以用so as to短语来作目的状语，但so as to不能置于句首。
例：She lied to us because she had to so as to( in order to) get a job. 她对我们撒谎，那是因为为了得到工作，她不得不这么做。

2 、一般现在时在条件状语从句中的用法
条件状语从句中，当谓语动词是将来某个时间发生的动作或状态时，通常要用一般现在时态来表示。
例：①Unless you tell me ,I shall not be able to help you. 除非你告诉我，否则我无法帮助你。
②If anyone at work discovers my secret, I shall lose my job. 公司里任何人知道了我的秘密，我都将失业。

3 、形容词在句中作宾补
有些及物动词，除了跟宾语外，还须加上一个词或短语来说明宾语的状态，以补充其意义上的不足，这样的词或短语叫做宾语补足语，它与宾语之间有主谓关系，通常形容词在句中可作宾语补足语。
例：①So I cut my hair short. 于是我把头发剪短了。
②They washed their clothes very clean. 他们将衣服洗得干干净净。
除形容词外，副词、介词短语、动词不定式，分词等均可作宾补。
例：①Will you please bring him in ? 请把他带进来好吗？
②We elected him monitor of our class. 我们选他当班长。

4 、It seems that/as if...
本句型实际上是“主＋系＋表”结构，其中it是无人称代词，本身并无词意，也并非形式主语，seems为系动词，that/as if...引导表语从句，本句型使that/as if引导的从句所表达的意思变得不大肯定或者使语气变得较为委婉。
例：①It seems that it is more difficult for women to get to the top of the company. 妇女似乎更难提升到公司的最高职位。
②It seems to me that he has known everything.
(He seems to have known everything) 看来他似乎什么事都知道了。
③It seems as if it is going to rain.
(It seems to rain) 看来天要下雨了。
It seems(that...)常可以用I guess that...来替换。
例：①I guess men’s hands and fingers are too big !
It seems that men’s hands and fingers are too big. 男人的手和手指似乎太大了。
②It seems that she told a lie in order to get a job in our company.
I guess she told a lie in order to get a job in our company. 看来她为了想在我们公司找一份工作，向我们撒了谎。

5、 have sb./sth. doing sth.
此句型中，have为使役动词，分词短语在句中作宾语补足语，与宾语之间是主动关系，意为“使某人(某物)做某事”，强调动作的持续性。
例：①We have never had women working in this part of our company before. 我们以前从来没有让女人在我们公司的这个部门工作。
②They had their lights burning all night long. 他们通宵把灯点着。
如果只强调让某人、某物做某事而不强调动作的持续性时，我们可用省“to”的不定式在句中作宾语补足语。
例：I won’t have you do such things. 我不让你去做这些事。
当使役动词have后接过去分词短语，作宾语补足语时，宾语则与补足语之间是被动关系，即have sth. done句型， 此句型有两种含义。
其一：表示“使得某事得以做成”或“(请人)把某事做完”。
例：①I’ll have my bicycle repaired. 我将把自行车推去修好。
②I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天去理了发。
其二：表示“遭遇某种情况”或“经历一个事情或行动”。
例：①King Charlies I had his head cut off. 国王查理一世被砍了头。
②She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。

6、 Does it matter...
此句型中，it为无人称代词，作主语，matter是动词，意思是“关系重要”，主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件状语从句中。
例：①Does it matter if an engineer is a man or a woman? 工程师是男是女，这有什么关系呢？
②What does it matter? 这有什么关系？
③It doesn’t matter, does it ? 这没多大关系，是吗？
④It doesn’t matter to me what you do or how you do it. 你做什么，怎么做对我都无关紧要。

三、 学习中应注意的问题

1、 复合名词变复数的规则：
(1)将复合名词里面所包含的主体名词变为复数。
例：son(s)?in?law 女婿
looker(s)?on 旁观者
passer(s)?by 过路人
film?goer(s)常看电影的人
tooth?brush(es)牙刷
35?year?old worker(s)35岁的工人
grand?child(ren)孙儿
armyman(armymen)军人，但grown?up(s) 例外。
(2)复合名词里面找不到主体名词时，只在词末加复数词尾。
例：go?between(s)中间人 drawback(s)缺陷
(3)由man和woman构成的合成词，里面所含的成份全部要变为复数。
man?doctor(men?doctors) 男医生
woman?worker(women?workers) 女工人
(4)由boy和girl构成的合成词，只在后面名词上加复数词尾
boy?student(boy?students) 男生
girl?student(girl?students) 女生

2 、定语从句中只用that不用which的情况
定语从句中which与that在一般情况下可以互换使用， 但在下列情况之下，通常只用that(有时可省略)。
(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,little,few,much等不定代词时
例：I’m sure there is nothing that a woman can’t do. 我相信没有女人做不了的事。
(2)先行词被all,every,each,few,no,some等词修饰时
例：There are some jobs that men can’t do very well. 有些工作男人无法做好。
(3)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
例：That’s the best book that I’ve ever read. 那是我所读的书中最好的一本。
(4)先行词受到the only,the very,the same,the last 等词修饰时
例：Corn was not the only food that was taken to Europe. 玉米并不是唯一的一种被带往欧洲的食物。
(5)先行词中既有人又有物时
例：We were talking about the things and people we remembered in school. 我们当时正在讨论我们记得的在学校里发生的人和事。
(6)当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时
例：Who is the man that was invited to the ball? 受邀请参加那次舞会的人是谁?

3 、在学习不定式作目的状语时，我们应注意，不定式短语通常可用so that引导的目的状语从句互换。
例：The doctor asked him to remove his trousers so that he could examine his legs.
The doctor asked him to remove his trousers in order to (so as to)examine his legs. 医生请他把长裤脱了，以便检查他的双腿。

4 、在it seems that/as if...句型中， seems 常可以由looks, appears替换，looks后常接as if... 从句；appear之后常接that...从句。
例：①It looks as if it is going to rain. 天看上去似乎要下雨了。
②It seemed(looked)as if the fisherman would have nothing to take home that morning. 那天上午，渔夫似乎没有什么东西能带回家。

同步练习
Ⅰ、句型转换?
1.It seems that he is lying.
He___ ___ ___ lying.
2.It seemed that he enjoyed the food very much.
He___ ___ ___ the food very much.
3.It seemed as if she were drunk.
She___ ___ ___ ___ .
4.Unless he tells me, I shall not be able to help him,
___he___ ___ ___ , I shall not be able to help him.

Ⅱ、单项选择?
1、Shut up! I won’t have you ___such things.
A.to say B.say C.saying D.said
2、The engineer,___ doctor we knew all the truth,was put in a woman’s room.
A.from whom B.from which C.from whose D.whose
3、Jim had a gold watch___ chain(链条)had been lost.
A.which B.of which C.whose D.of whose
4、We arrived at a small island___ the name I’ve forgotten.
A.of which B.of whom C.whose D.of whose
5、Is there anything___ I can do for you ?
A.which B.what C./ D.where
6、He lives in the same building___ my brother does.
A.whose B.which C.that D.where
7、He took all__ was there and left nothing.
A.what B.that C.whose D.which
8、He had his wallet___ while he was on holiday in Guangzhou.
A.to be stolen B.stolen C. stealing D. being stolen
9、The old lady has three sons,all___ become engineers.
A.of whom B.of them C.of that D.of whose
10、She is the only one of the___ who___ stories for children.
A.woman writers ; write
B.women writers; writes
C.women writer ; write
D.woman writer ;writes

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