搬新家贴对联什么讲究:outline怎样写

第一个选择：

An outline breaks down the parts of your thesis in a clear, hierarchical manner. Most students find that writing an outline before beginning the paper is most helpful in organizing one's thoughts. If your outline is good, your paper should be easy to write.
The basic format for an outline uses an alternating series of numbers and letters, indented accordingly, to indicate levels of importance. Here is an example of an outline on a paper about the development of Japanese theater:

OUTLINE NOTES
I. Thesis: Japanese theater rose from a popular to elite and then returned to a popular art form.
II. Early theatrical forms

A. Bugaku
B. Sarugaku
C. Primitive Noh
D. Authors and Audience

III. Noh theater

A. Authors
B. Props

1. Masks

a. women
b. demons
c. old men

2. Structure of Stage

C. Themes

1. Buddhist influence
2. The supernatural

D. Kyogen interludes
E. Audience

IV. Kabuki

A. Authors
B. Props

1. make-up
2. special effects

C. Themes

1. Love stories
2. Revenge

D. Audience

V. Bunraku (puppet) theater

A. Authors
B. Props
C. Themes

1. Love stories
2. Historical romances

D. Audience

VI. Conclusion The thesis is stated in the first section, which is the introduction.
The body follows the introduction, and breaks down the points the author wishes to make.

Note that some section have subdivisions, others do not, depending on the demands of the paper.

In this outline, II, III, & IV all have similar structure, but this will not necessarily be true for all papers. Some may only have three major sections, others more than the five given here.

Your conclusion should restate your thesis, and never introduce new material.

第二个选择：

How to Write an Outline

What is it?

An outline is a general plan of the material that is to be presented in a speech or a paper. The outline shows the order of the various topics, the relative importance of each, and the relationship between the various parts.

Order in an Outline

There are many ways to arrange the different parts of a subject. Sometimes, a chronological arrangement works well. At other times, a spatial arrangement is best suited to the material. The most common order in outlines is to go from the general to the specific. This means you begin with a general idea and then support it with specific examples.

Thesis Statement of Summarizing Sentence

All outlines should begin with a thesis statement of summarizing sentence. This thesis sentence presents the central idea of the paper. It must always be a complete, grammatical sentence, specific and brief, which expresses the point of view you are taking towards the subject.

Types of Outlines

The two main types of outlines are the topic outline and the sentence outline. In the topic outline, the headings are given in single words or brief phrases. In the sentence outline, all the headings are expressed in complete sentences.

Rules for Outlining

1. Subdivide topics by a system of numbers and letters, followed by a period.

Example:

I.

A.

B.

1.

2.

a.

b.

II.

A.

B.

2. Each heading and subheading must have at least two parts.

3. Headings for parts of the paper of speech such as, Introduction and Conclusion, should not be used.

4. Be consistent. Do not mix up the two types of outlines. Use either whole sentences of brief phrases, but not both.

Examples

Topic Outline

Choices in College and After

Thesis: The decisions I have to make in choosing college courses, depend on larger questions I am beginning to ask myself about my life’s work.

I. Two decisions described

A. Art history or chemistry

1. Professional considerations

2. Personal considerations

B. A third year of French?

1. Practical advantages of knowing a foreign language

2. Intellectual advantages

3. The issue of necessity

II. Definition of the problem

A. Decisions about occupation

B. Decisions about a kind of life to lead

III. Temporary resolution of the problem

A. To hold open a professional possibility: chemistry

B. To take advantage of cultural gains already made: French

Sentence Outline

Choices in College and After

Thesis: The decisions I have to make in choosing college courses, depend on larger questions I am beginning to ask myself about my life’s work.

I. I have two decisions to make with respect to choosing college courses in the immediate future.

A. One is whether to elect a course in art history or in chemistry.

1. One time in my life, I planned to be a chemical engineer professionally.

2. On the other hand, I enjoy art and plan to travel and see more of it.

B. The second decision is whether to continue a third year of French beyond the basic college requirement.

1. French might be useful both in engineering and travel.

2. Furthermore, I am eager to read good books which are written in French.

3. How necessary are these considerations in the light of other courses I might take instead?

II. My problem can be put in the form of a dilemma involving larger questions about my whole future.

A. On the one hand I want to hold a highly-trained position in a lucrative profession.

B. On the other hand I want to lead a certain kind of life, with capacities for values not connected with the making of money.

III. I will have to make a decision balancing the conflicting needs I have described.

A. I will hold open the professional possibilities by electing chemistry.

B. I will improve and solidify what cultural proficiency in another language I have already gained, by electing French.

第三个选择：
How to Write an Outline

An outline is a list of topics, of sentences, or of questions you intend to answer in your essay. The outline is the over-all plan of your essay. It determines what central points your paper is going to make and how they will be organized, to support your thesis.

Steps
All parts of the outline should be constructed and organized to support your thesis or central point. Therefore, before you begin the outline you have to have a sense of what you will argue in the paper: you have to be clear about your thesis statement.
Main Categories. Arrange your general ideas in main categories. These are the main topics of your essay. Arrange your main categories in the order you discuss them.
To help you arrange your categories: look at your main categories, with your thesis in mind, try to find a way that the labels might be arranged in a sentence or two that supports your argument.
Sub-categories (Paragraphs). Within each general category list and arrange the paragraphs that support the category.
Sentences. Within each sub-category list and arrange your specific notes to support the argument made on that paragraph. This is the order of sentences in the paragraph.
The arrangement of caregories, sub-categories and sentences should present a clear, logical argument to support your thesis. Read here about Methods of proving a topic sentence.
Also, the different sections should relate logically to each other. Read here about Logic in Argumentative Writing.
Organize the outline according to your purposes: Are you attempting to show the chronology of some historical development, the cause-and-effect relationship between one phenomenon and another, the process by which something is accomplished, or the logic of some position? Are you defining or analyzing something? Comparing or contrasting one thing to another? Presenting an argument (one side or both)?
Some methods of organizing:
Climactic arrangement: one that works up to your strongest point, which is delivered as a kind of grand finale.
The inductive argument: in which you build up the evidence first, and then draw conclusions.
A problem-solution format: involves presenting the problem first and then outlining the solution.
More Principles of Organization.

Tips
A sample of a topic outline.
An outline can be written as a topic outline, in which you use only short phrases to suggest ideas, or as a sentence outline, in which you use full sentences (even very brief paragraphs) to show the development of ideas more fully.

Warnings
Your paper depends on it! A good outline enhances the organization and coherence of your paper. The outline can help you organize your material, stay focused, be clear, discover connections between pieces of information that you weren't aware of, make you aware of material that is not really relevant to the purposes of your paper, help you fill in gaps, etc.
Watch who that you communicate with if On-Line.

就这样写啊

你说的应该是summary吧
或 abstract

amazingly considerate .