类似星座的算命方法:完成时和过去式~分别在什么情况下用~要注意什么~

来源:百度文库 编辑:中科新闻网 时间:2024/05/11 03:57:31

过去式是以前做的事,有yesterday,in the past和last出现时用过去式
完成式是以前做的对现在有影响的事,有since,in the past XXX years和for XXX years出现时用

过去时一般都是一个动词的过去时,就是说发生在过去的一个动作.完成时就是说可以持续的动作,比如说一件事情完了这样的,其实不难,用的时候就看上下文的联系看看是哪一种就好了.

比较过去时与现在完成时

1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。

2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语

共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately

现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语

3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
举例:
I saw this film yesterday.
(强调看的动作发生过了。)
I have seen this film.
(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)
Why did you get up so early?
(强调起床的动作已发生过了。)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
(强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。)
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.

---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.

以下情况用一般过去时而不用现在完成时

1) 句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

2) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。
When she saw the mouse,she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.

3 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。
When I heard the news, I was very excited.

4) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.