south korea的读音:美国独立战争背景(英文)

http://www.cenre.com/ZH/kejian/9/ls-01/htm/21-0.htm

一、概述：
美国独立战争（英语：American Revolutionary War，1775年—1783年）或称为美国革命战争，是大英帝国和其北美十三州殖民地的革命者，以及几个欧洲强国之间的一场战争。
这场战争是始于为了对抗英国的经济政策，但后来却因为法国加入战争对抗英国，而使战争的范围远远超过英属北美之外。
由于英国一直以来对殖民地进行剥削，对北美殖民地经济的发展起到严重阻碍作用，为了对抗英国的经济政策，北美人民奋起抗争。始于1775年4月的莱克星顿枪声，1776年7月4日大陆会议通过了由托马斯·杰斐逊执笔起草的《独立宣言》，宣告了美国的诞生。
二、背景：
（1775年—1783年），或称美国革命战争，是大英帝国和其北美十三州殖民地的革命者，以及几个欧洲强国之间的一场战争。
这场战争主要是始于为了对抗英国的经济政策，但后来却因为法国、西班牙及荷兰加入战争对抗英国，而使战争的范围远远超过了英属北美之外。同时，许多印地安人为双方打仗。
在战争中，英国能够利用他们在海军上的优势以占领殖民地的临海城市，但如何控制乡村地区却使他们困惑。随着法国海军在乞沙比克城的胜利导致英国军队在1781年的约克镇战役中投降。1783年订定的巴黎条约承认了美国的独立，因为许多殖民地的居民逃离那十三个殖民地并在北方安顿下来，这场战争同时也为了日后加拿大的建立做准备。
1607年，英国人来到北美大西洋沿岸，开始建立第一个殖民地弗吉尼亚（英国人在北美建立的第一个殖民据点詹姆士顿）。经过不断拓殖，到18世纪30年代，英国人已在北美大西洋沿岸建立了13个殖民地。在此期间大批移民移居北美，其中大多数是英国人，也有不少来自欧洲其他国家，此外还有不少从非洲贩运过来的黑奴。他们为北美的开发做出了重要贡献。
当时，英属北美殖民地的资本主义经济发展较快，成为经济发展主流。同时，也存在着许多落后的经济成分。殖民地的统治模式是依照英国政体建立的，每个殖民地都有自己的总督和议会。总督代表英国对殖民地进行统治，拥有行政、经济和军事大权，可以否决议会通过的法案。
经过一百多年的发展，英属北美各殖民地的经济来往日益密切，初步形成了统一的国内市场。同时，在长期的交流、融合过程中，英语成为来自各殖民地的共同语言，逐渐产生了共同的文化。在此基础上，美利坚民族开始形成。民族意识逐渐觉醒。18世纪上半期，启蒙思想在英属北美殖民地得到传播，涌现出一些杰出的思想家，如本杰明·富兰克林和托马斯·杰斐逊。英属北美殖民地的民族和民主意识日趋增强。
(1775-1978), or the American Revolutionary War, was a revolution
between the British Empire and its thirteen colonies in North America,
as well as several European powers.
The
war began mainly in the fight against British economic policy, but
later because of France, Spain and the Netherlands joined the war
against Britain, leaving the war far beyond the British North America. At the same time, many Indians fight for both sides.
In
the war, the British were able to take advantage of their naval
superiority to occupy the colonial city of the sea, but how to control
the rural areas but confused them. With the victory of the French Navy in the city of Cheshire, the British army surrendered in the battle of Yorkshire in 1781. The Treaty of Paris, established in 1783, recognized the independence
of the United States because many colonists fled the thirteen colonies
and settled down in the north, which was also prepared for the future
establishment of Canada.
In
1607, the British came to the Atlantic coast of North America and began
to build the first colony of Virginia (the first colonial base
established by the British in North America). After
the continuous colonization, by the 1830s, the British had established
13 colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America. During
this period a large number of immigrants moved to North America, most
of them British, there are many from other European countries, in
addition to many traffickers from Africa slaves. They have made important contributions to the development of North America.
At
that time, the British North American colonial capitalist economy
developed rapidly, becoming the mainstream of economic development. At the same time, there are many backward economic components. The
colonial domination pattern was established in accordance with the
British polity, and each colony had its own governor and parliament. The Governor on behalf of the British colonial rule, with
administrative, economic and military power, can be passed by the
Parliament passed the bill.
After
more than 100 years of development, the British North American colonies
of the economic exchanges are increasingly close, initially formed a
unified domestic market. At
the same time, in the process of long-term exchange and integration,
English became the common language from the colonies, and gradually
produced a common culture. On this basis, the American nation began to form. National consciousness gradually awakened. In
the first half of the eighteenth century, the Enlightenment thought was
spread in the British North American colonies, and some outstanding
thinkers emerged, such as Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson. The national and democratic consciousness of the British North American colonies is growing.