硕士小论文和大论文:经济最新词语

经济类：彩民、持仓量、充值、冲高、解套、套现。

??金融保险类：财产保险、金融危机、人寿保险、世界银行、投资银行、银行卡、不良贷款。

??商业类：币市、便利店、承购、承销、传销、断码、量贩店。
回答者： 林逸烟 - 榜眼 十三级 5-9 11:12

一,最新常用经济术语

国民经济、对外经济贸易 NATIONAL ECONOMY, FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE

经济指标 economic indicators

社会总产值 total product of society

国民生产总值 GNP (Gross Domestic Product)

国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita

工农业总产值 gross output value of industry and agriculture

国民收入 national income

购买力平价法 purchasing power parity

财政收入 state revenue

社会商品零售总额 total volume of retail sales

社会零售物价总指数 general retail price index

百分点 percentage points

"八五"划划 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development

计划经济 planned economy

统购统销 state monopoly over purchase and marketing

市场经济 market economy

指令性计划 mandatory plan

指导性计划 guidance plan

市场调节 market regulation

建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制" establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government

抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础" stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and energy supply, education and science and technology

实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化" optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of population

第一、二、三产业 primary, secondary and tertiary industries

外向型经济 export-oriented economy

创汇型企业 foreign exchange-earning enterprise

劳动密集型 labor intensive

技术、智力、资本密集型 technology, knowledge or capital intensive

高附加值的深加工 down-stream processing with high added-value

优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources

生产力 productive forces

生产资料 capital goods

科研成果产业化 industrialization of research findings

火炬计划 Torch Plan

技术入股 technology appraised as capital stock

风险投资 venture investment/capital

固定资产投资 investment in fixed assets

折旧费 depreciation cost

关系民生的产品 products vital to the people’s livelihood

供大于求 oversupply

供不应求 short supply

经济过热 overheated economy

抑制炒房地产热 stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market

宏观调控 macro-economic control

经济杠杆 economic levers

产业政策 industrial policy

财政, 税收, 信贷，利率, 汇率 public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate

提高经济效益 enhance economic performance/returns

社会效益 social effect/returns

实现持续、稳定、协调的发展 bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development

财政赤字(盈余 ) budget deficit(surplus)

外贸出口总额 gross foreign export value

外商直接投资协议金额 contracted foreign direct investment

实际利用外资 foreign investment in actual use

三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资经营) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture

允许外商独资经营 allow full foreign equity operation

优惠条件 confessional terms; favorable terms

减免税收 tax reduction and exemption

合作方式 approaches to cooperation

出资方式 means of contributing investment

合营期限 contract term of a joint venture

三来一补 (来料加工,来件装配,来样加工) processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components)

贸易伙伴 trade partner

转口贸易 transit trade

外贸顺差 foreign trade surplus

积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验 actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside

交钥匙工程 turn-key project

招标承包制 bidding invitation contract system

招标出售技术 bids for technology

公开招标 call for bid; tenders

招标单 invitation for bid (IFB)

标书 bidding document

竟标 competitive bidding

投标 bid for a project

投标报价书 bid proposals

评标 bid proposal evaluation

开标 bid opening

中标 win a bid; be awarded a tender

拍卖 auction

租赁 leasing

保税区 bonded area; free trade area

实行全方位开放 practice multi-directional opening

统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、 unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition

自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制 responsibility for one’s own profits and losses, the integration of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system

知识产权 intellectual property rights

技术转让 technology transfer

可行性研究 feasibility study

意向书 letter of intent

投资环境 investment environment

跨国公司 transnational coorporation

基础设施 infrastructure

20年基本实现现代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 years

发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用 serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.

招商 attract investment

招商项目 project proposals for investment

同国际惯例接轨 follow the international codes of practice; bring … in line with the international usage

加大改革力度 intensify reforms

一条龙服务 one package service

一支笔审批 one-chop approval

我们两市的经济互补性很强。 To a great extent, the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other.

平等互利，互通有无 equality and mutual benefit, and trading of needed goods

外引内联 act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connections

保持发展后劲 bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum of development

三通一平（水通、电通、路通、施工场地平） "three connections and one leveling" assuring that a construction site is connected to water and electric power supplies and roads, and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun.

瓶颈 bottleneck

以工养农 use industrial income to finance agriculture

以路养路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects

下放审批权 delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels

统而不死，活而不乱 ensure a flexible control

良性循环 positive cycle

国民经济的支柱 mainstay of the national economy

格局初步形成 Pattern has taken initial shape.

理顺企业的产权关系 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises

政策性亏损 policy-related loss

三角债 chain debts

上不封顶，下不保底 set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee

企业“工效挂钩” link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise

生意兴隆/冷淡 Business is booming/sluggish

质量信得过单位 quality trustworthy organization

批量生产 mass production

以销定产 limit production to market ability

内联企业 inland associated enterprises

菜篮子工程 shipping basket project

国产化 percentage of home-made parts

配套改革 coordinated reforms

配套措施 supporting measures

配套工程 auxiliary project

国内配套资金 domestic funds

向基础工业倾斜的政策 policy in favor of basic industry

升级换代 upgrading and updating

看好经济增长 think highly of economic growth

行情看好 Favorable price/market can be expected.

行情看涨/跌 anticipate lower market price/rising price

随行就市 fluctuate in line with market conditions

片面追求发展速度 seek an unduly high growth rate

在过渡时期 in a period of transition

粗放/集约经营 extensive/intensive operation

基础地位 leading position

门类齐全 covering extensive fields

存款/贷款余额 the balance of deposits/loans

外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves

贸易顺差 trade surplus

二,相关术语:

http://d.baidu.com/rs.php?q=%BE%AD%BC%C3%D7%EE%D0%C2%CA%F5%D3%EF&wd=&cl=3&tn=
回答者：舟民 - 高级经理 七级 5-9 16:04

国民经济、对外经济贸易 NATIONAL ECONOMY, FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE

经济指标 economic indicators

社会总产值 total product of society

国民生产总值 GNP (Gross Domestic Product)

国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita

工农业总产值 gross output value of industry and agriculture

国民收入 national income

购买力平价法 purchasing power parity

财政收入 state revenue

社会商品零售总额 total volume of retail sales

社会零售物价总指数 general retail price index

百分点 percentage points

"八五"划划 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development

计划经济 planned economy

统购统销 state monopoly over purchase and marketing

市场经济 market economy

一,最新常用经济术语

国民经济、对外经济贸易 NATIONAL ECONOMY, FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE

经济指标 economic indicators

社会总产值 total product of society

国民生产总值 GNP (Gross Domestic Product)

国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita

工农业总产值 gross output value of industry and agriculture

国民收入 national income

购买力平价法 purchasing power parity

财政收入 state revenue

社会商品零售总额 total volume of retail sales

社会零售物价总指数 general retail price index

百分点 percentage points

"八五"划划 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development

计划经济 planned economy

统购统销 state monopoly over purchase and marketing

市场经济 market economy

指令性计划 mandatory plan

指导性计划 guidance plan

市场调节 market regulation

建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制" establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government

抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础" stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and energy supply, education and science and technology

实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化" optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of population

第一、二、三产业 primary, secondary and tertiary industries

外向型经济 export-oriented economy

创汇型企业 foreign exchange-earning enterprise

劳动密集型 labor intensive

技术、智力、资本密集型 technology, knowledge or capital intensive

高附加值的深加工 down-stream processing with high added-value

优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources

生产力 productive forces

生产资料 capital goods

科研成果产业化 industrialization of research findings

火炬计划 Torch Plan

技术入股 technology appraised as capital stock

风险投资 venture investment/capital

固定资产投资 investment in fixed assets

折旧费 depreciation cost

关系民生的产品 products vital to the people’s livelihood

供大于求 oversupply

供不应求 short supply

经济过热 overheated economy

抑制炒房地产热 stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market

宏观调控 macro-economic control

经济杠杆 economic levers

产业政策 industrial policy

财政, 税收, 信贷，利率, 汇率 public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate

提高经济效益 enhance economic performance/returns

社会效益 social effect/returns

实现持续、稳定、协调的发展 bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development

财政赤字(盈余 ) budget deficit(surplus)

外贸出口总额 gross foreign export value

外商直接投资协议金额 contracted foreign direct investment

实际利用外资 foreign investment in actual use

三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资经营) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture

允许外商独资经营 allow full foreign equity operation

优惠条件 confessional terms; favorable terms

减免税收 tax reduction and exemption

合作方式 approaches to cooperation

出资方式 means of contributing investment

合营期限 contract term of a joint venture

三来一补 (来料加工,来件装配,来样加工) processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components)

贸易伙伴 trade partner

转口贸易 transit trade

外贸顺差 foreign trade surplus

积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验 actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside

交钥匙工程 turn-key project

招标承包制 bidding invitation contract system

招标出售技术 bids for technology

公开招标 call for bid; tenders

招标单 invitation for bid (IFB)

标书 bidding document

竟标 competitive bidding

投标 bid for a project

投标报价书 bid proposals

评标 bid proposal evaluation

开标 bid opening

中标 win a bid; be awarded a tender

拍卖 auction

租赁 leasing

保税区 bonded area; free trade area

实行全方位开放 practice multi-directional opening

统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、 unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition

自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制 responsibility for one’s own profits and losses, the integration of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system

知识产权 intellectual property rights

技术转让 technology transfer

可行性研究 feasibility study

意向书 letter of intent

投资环境 investment environment

跨国公司 transnational coorporation

基础设施 infrastructure

20年基本实现现代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 years

发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用 serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.

招商 attract investment

招商项目 project proposals for investment

同国际惯例接轨 follow the international codes of practice; bring … in line with the international usage

加大改革力度 intensify reforms

一条龙服务 one package service

一支笔审批 one-chop approval

我们两市的经济互补性很强。 To a great extent, the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other.

平等互利，互通有无 equality and mutual benefit, and trading of needed goods

外引内联 act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connections

保持发展后劲 bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum of development

三通一平（水通、电通、路通、施工场地平） "three connections and one leveling" assuring that a construction site is connected to water and electric power supplies and roads, and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun.

瓶颈 bottleneck

以工养农 use industrial income to finance agriculture

以路养路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects

下放审批权 delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels

统而不死，活而不乱 ensure a flexible control

良性循环 positive cycle

国民经济的支柱 mainstay of the national economy

格局初步形成 Pattern has taken initial shape.

理顺企业的产权关系 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises

政策性亏损 policy-related loss

三角债 chain debts

上不封顶，下不保底 set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee

企业“工效挂钩” link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise

生意兴隆/冷淡 Business is booming/sluggish

质量信得过单位 quality trustworthy organization

批量生产 mass production

以销定产 limit production to market ability

内联企业 inland associated enterprises

菜篮子工程 shipping basket project

国产化 percentage of home-made parts

配套改革 coordinated reforms

配套措施 supporting measures

配套工程 auxiliary project

国内配套资金 domestic funds

向基础工业倾斜的政策 policy in favor of basic industry

升级换代 upgrading and updating

看好经济增长 think highly of economic growth

行情看好 Favorable price/market can be expected.

行情看涨/跌 anticipate lower market price/rising price

随行就市 fluctuate in line with market conditions

片面追求发展速度 seek an unduly high growth rate

在过渡时期 in a period of transition

粗放/集约经营 extensive/intensive operation

基础地位 leading position

门类齐全 covering extensive fields

存款/贷款余额 the balance of deposits/loans

外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves

贸易顺差 trade surplus

二,相关术语:

http://d.baidu.com/rs.php?q=%BE%AD%BC%C3%D7%EE%D0%C2%CA%F5%D3%EF&wd=&cl=3&tn=

国民经济、对外经济贸易 NATIONAL ECONOMY, FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE

经济指标 economic indicators

社会总产值 total product of society

国民生产总值 GNP (Gross Domestic Product)

国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita

工农业总产值 gross output value of industry and agriculture

国民收入 national income

购买力平价法 purchasing power parity

财政收入 state revenue

社会商品零售总额 total volume of retail sales

社会零售物价总指数 general retail price index

百分点 percentage points

"八五"划划 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development

计划经济 planned economy

统购统销 state monopoly over purchase and marketing

市场经济 market economy

边际量是指某个经济变量在一定的影响因素下发生的变动量
边际成本实际上是在任何产量水平上,增加一个单位产量所需要增加的工人工资、原材料和燃料等变动成本。
边际利益在一定时间内增加单位产品所带来的利润的增量

边际分析法是把追加的支出和追加的收入相比较，二者相等时为临界点，也就是投入的资金所得到的利益与输出损失相等时的点。如果组织的目标是取得最大利润，那么当追加的收入和追加的支出相等时，这一目标就能达到。

边际分析法是经济学的基本研究方法之一,不仅在理论上,而且在实际工作中也起着相当大的作用，是打开经济决策王国的钥匙。可以认为边际分析法与管理决策优化密切相关。

边际分析法marginal analysis的数学原理很简单。对于离散discrete情形，边际值marginal value为因变量变化量与自变量变化量的比值；对于连续continuous情形，边际值marginal value为因变量关于某自变量的导数值。所以边际的含义本身就是因变量关于自变量的变化率，或者说是自变量变化一个单位时因变量的改变量。在经济管理研究中，经常考虑的边际量有边际收入MR、边际成本MC、边际产量MP、边际利润MB等。
边际分析法体现向前看的决策思想，是寻求最优解的核心工具。主要应用如下：
1、无约束条件下最优投入量（业务量）unconstrained optimization的确定：
利润最大化是企业决策考虑的根本目标。由微积分基本原理知道：利润最大化的点在边际利润等于0的点获得。利润（或称净收益）为收入与成本之差，边际利润亦即边际收入与边际成本之差，即：MB=MR-MC。
由此可以获得结论：只要边际收入大于边际成本，这种经济活动就是可取的；在无约束条件下，边际利润值为0(即：边际收入=边际成本)时，资源的投入量最优(利润最大)。
2、有约束条件下最优业务量constrained optimization分配的确定：
对于有约束情形可以获得如下最优化法则：在有约束条件下，各方向上每增加单位资源所带来的边际效益都相等，且同时满足约束条件，资源分配的总效益最优。这一法则也称为等边际法则。
当所考虑的资源是资金时，有约束的最优化法则即为：在满足约束条件的同时，各方向上每增加一元钱所带来的边际效益都相等；如果资金是用来购买资源，而各方向的资源价格分别都是常数，有约束的最优化法则即为：在满足约束条件的同时，各方向上的边际效益与价格的比值都等于一个常数。
3、最优化原则的离散结果：当边际收益大于边际成本时，应该增加行动；当边际收益小于边际成本时，应该减少行动；最优化水平在当边际成本大于边际收益的前一单位水平达到。
4、提倡使用增量分析。增量分析是边际分析的变形。增量分析是分析某种决策对收入、成本或利润的影响。这里"某种决策"可以是变量的大量变化，包括离散的、跳跃性的变化，也可以是非数量的变化，如不同技术条件、不同环境下的比较。比较不同决策引起的变量变化值进行分析。
在管理决策中应用边际分析法相当于是建立了一套有利于决策的评价体系：不仅考虑变量的总值Total，也同时考虑变量的平均值Average和边际值Marginal。总值、平均值与边际值之间具有如下关系(total-average-marginal relationship)：
1）边际值的符号是总值上升或下降的信号；
2）当边际值大于平均值时，平均值处于递增状态。
有可能的话对上述结论进行数学推导，细化结论的文字描述，这可以加深对结论的理解应用。特别注意4个重要点位：盈亏平衡点、边际利润最大点、平均利润最大点、总利润最大点。
应用边际分析法还隐含着一个思想：充分利用与促进开发信息资源。
在应用边际方法或最优化方法也应该注意如下复杂因素：
1、现实经济管理问题总是千丝万缕，存在多个变量，要争取抓住主要变量，并在各个方向上满足边际法则；
2、决策变量与相关结果之间关系复杂，所选取的变量是否得当，必须定量分析与定性分析引结合，并进行方程回归、曲线拟合、显著性检验等检验处理；
3、注意所考虑问题存在各种各样的约束条件和数学工具的应用条件；
4、注意决策问题存在的不确定性和风险。
希望采纳

经济类：彩民、持仓量、充值、冲高、解套、套现。

??金融保险类：财产保险、金融危机、人寿保险、世界银行、投资银行、银行卡、不良贷款。

??商业类：币市、便利店、承购、承销、传销、断码、量贩店。