北京哪里有叫花鸡:英语三级考试的题型是什么啊?

来源:百度文库 编辑:中科新闻网 时间:2024/04/28 16:27:02
我下个月要考三级,但老师什么都不告诉我们,一般三级难不难啊?我要是过不了就不能拿毕业证了啊~~~~~~是不是有完型填空什么的/??

很简单,比高考的难度要小的多,有完形填空的,形式没有什么特别

大学英语三级考试大纲指出:阅读理解部分考试时间为35分钟,共20题.要求考生阅读若干篇短文,总词汇量800词左右.

一、分析文章的结构规律

一般来说,我们阅读文章的目的是为了获取信息。文章体裁不同,其结构特点就会各异。因此,我们获取信息的最有效方法之一就是去学习和了解文章的结构,以便更加准确、快速地定位我们要找的信息。
大学英语四级考试中的阅读理解文章的体裁主要有三类:叙述文、说明文和议论文。

1、叙述文

叙述文一般以讲述个人生活经历为主,对于经历的陈述通常由一定的时间概念贯穿其中,或顺序或倒序。但是四级考试中一般不出现单纯的叙述文,因为单纯的叙述文比较简单、易懂。所以三级考试中的叙述文大多是夹叙夹议的文章。这类文章的基本结构模式是:
1) 用一段概括性的话引入要叙述的经历(话题)
2) 叙述先前的经历(举例1)及其感悟或发现
3) 叙述接下来的经历(举例2)及其感悟或发现
4) 做出总结或结论

2、说明文(描述文)

说明文的一般结构模式和叙述文的结构模式有相通之处即:提出问题(或以一个事例引出问题)---- (专家)发现直接原因----- 分析深层原因-----得出结论或找到出路。 知道了类似的文章结构特点,就可以据此来进行考题预测。比如,我们看出了该篇文章属于这种结构类型,就能判断出几个问题中肯定有一个要问原因,还有可能要出现推断题。

3、议论文

我们大家最容易辨认出来的议论文模式是主张---反主张模式。在这一模式中,作者首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或某些人认可的主张或观点,然后进行澄清,说明自己的主张或观点,或者说提出反主张或真实情况。 议论文的这种结构特点决定了它的主要题型是作者观点态度题,文章主旨题以及推理判断题。只要发现了这种结构特点,解答问题的主要任务就变成了到段落内找答案, 基本上不存在任何困难。
通过研究以上的文章结构特点,我们不难发现,在三级考试阅读理解中无论任何体裁的文章都遵循着这样一个共同的模式:提出话题(观点或事例)---- 用事例分析原因(或批驳观点)------得出结论。 对文章结构特点的把握有助于读者更加自觉地关注文章的开始和结尾,分清观点和事例,从而在四级考试的阅读理解中准确定位,快速答题。

二、 巧妙绕开生词

我们这里所说的巧妙绕开生词的方法和上面分析文章结构特点的思路是统一的,也就是说,只要我们从总体上把握了文章,不用认识每一个单词也能照样理解整篇文章。
1、英语文章中不是所有的词的功能都是同等的,有些词担负着传达主要信息的功能,而有些词主要起语法作用或者它所传达的信息和下文的其他信息没有联系。这类词有:表示人名,地名,机构名等专有名词。遇到这些词,只要我们能辨认出它是专有名词,就能理解文章而不必知道它的意思。比如在下面的句子中:"In fact", says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,"there's even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep." 两个引号之间的部分就不必去管它。类似的还有: " We have to totally change our attitude toward napping," says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University,the godfather of sleep research.
2、我们不用弄清上面某些部分的原因是,它们的后面往往有一个同位语来解释说明它们的意思。这就引起了我们不用弄懂所有单词意思的第二个理由。也就是说如果我们对文章中的某一个单词不熟悉,我们还可以根据统一篇文章中的其他信息来帮助判断。这类信息有:同位语、下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号(如破折号、冒号都表示解释和说明)等。

三、 抓住句子的主干

我们要实现快速准确理解文章除了要抓住关键句子外,还要抓住句子当中的关键成分。主要是句子的主干,如主语、谓语和宾语,因为它们是传达信息的主要载体,其他成分,不论它有多么长,多么复杂它都是辅助成分。比如在下面的句子中:Another element in the emergence of prodigies(神童),I found , is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able nurture talent. 只要我们抓住了Element is society.就可以得知社会是神童出现的一个因素。
我们在今天这一讲中要说明的核心问题是,我们阅读英语文章时,一定要有一个全局观念,从宏观上来把握文章,做到了这一点,我们面对各类文章的各类题型都能够从容应对。

四、 抓住 "第三词汇"

语法中的功能词对理解句子十分重要,同样文章中那些起组织作用的实义词对理解文章也是非常重要的,因为掌握了它们就可以大大增强阅读理解中的预知下文的能力。我们把这些词称做 "第三词汇"(区别于仅起语法作用的功能词和一般实义词)。抓住了它们,就抓住了文章的核心意思。这类词有很多,其中最常见的有:
achieve, addition, attribute, cause, change, consequence, deny, effect, explanation, fact, form, grounds, instance, kind, manner, matter, mathod, opposite, point, problem, reason, respect, result, same, situation, thing, way.
另外,有人认为"第三词汇"主要是一些"照应名词",其中包括:
abstraction, approach, belief, classification, doctrine, dogma, evaluation, evidence, insight, investigation, illusion, notion, opinion, position, supposition, thery, viewpoint等等。
还有人针对某一文章类型总结出一些 "第三词汇"。比如:在"问题---解决 " 文章模式中,这些 "第三词汇"就更加固定和明确。它们有:
问题:concern, difficulty, dilemma, drawback, hamper, hinder(hindrance), obstacle, problem, snag等。
反应:change, combat(v), come up with, develop, find, measure, respond, response等
解决或结果:answer, consequence, effect, outcome, result, solution, (re)solve等。
评价:(in)effect, manage, overcome, succeed, (un)successful, viable, work(v.)
聚集于 "主张---反主张"文章结构模式中的该类词汇有:claim, state, truth, false, in fact, in reality, believe等等。

阅读理解技巧—— 怎样回答阅读理解中的态度类问题
关于作者的态度类问题(Attitude)

阅读理解的最后一题常常提问在作者对文章中某一问题的态度(Attitude)、全文的基调(Tone)、文章的出处(Source)及对文章前后接续内容的判断等。

关于态度或基调(Attitude/Tone)类题的回答应从篇章的体裁着手,一般来说,在说明文中作者的态度是客观的(objective)或中立的(neutral);而在议论文中,作者的观点才会显得多种多样,常风的选项有:

(1) positive(积极的)(2) negative(消极的)(3) neutral(中立的)(4) approval(赞成的)(5) disapproval(不赞成的) (6) indifferent(漠不关心的)(7) sarcastic(讽刺的)(8) critical(批评的)(9) optimistic(乐观的)10) pessimistic(悲观的)

下而引类 问题的几种提问方式:
(1)What's the writer's attitude to …?
(2)What's the tone of the passage?
(3)The author's view is _______
(4)The writer's attitude of .this passage is apparently _________-
(5)The author suggests that _________
(6)According to author __________

有文章中,作者观点明确,文章基调清楚,而有的文章中,作者仅仅暗示对某一问题的态度和观点,需要阅读时仔细琢磨。解答这类问题时,首先应请注意篇章中起连接手段作用的那些词语;其次应注意有些表明作者观点词汇,如形容词、动词等。

对文章的出处及文章前后接续内容判断等可从全篇着手,从个别句子或词汇找线索进行判断。

Example :
I am not so na?ve ,however ,as to believe that sex is responsible for this unfortunate situation of the American woman. I am not a feminist , but I am an individualist. I do not believe there is any important difference between men and women. certainly not as much as there may be between one woman and another or one man and an-other. There are plenty of women and men, for that matter who would be completely fulfilled in being allowed to be as lazy as possible. If someone will ensconce them in a pleasant home and pay their bills, they ask no more of life. It is quite all right for these men and women to live thus so long as fools can be found who will pay so much for nothing much in return. Gigolos , male and female, are to be found in every class and in the best of homes. But when a man does not want to be a gigolo, he has the freedom to go out and work and create as well as he can. But a woman has not. Even if her individual husband lets her, tradition in society is against her. In this passage the author looks on the situation of women with an attitude of .
A) amusement
B) indifference
C) disapproval
C) condemnation
此篇文章中,作者对待这一问题的态度十分明确、强硬(如用语I am not 等等),因此只参在选项C)和D)中选择。而从文章中的"gigolos",'fools'等词可看出作者不仅不赞成而且态度更甚。所以,选项C)程度还不够,这一题的正确答案是D)

1.虚拟语气
1)用于宾语从句,从句谓语用should + 动词原形或只用动词原形。
这类动词有 order, demand, require, request requested (被请求的), direct, instruct (教导,命令), command (命令,指挥), urge (催促,促进), rule, suggest suggested (暗示的), advise (劝告,警告), vote (选举,表决), propose (提议,建议),proposed (被提议的), move, recommend (劝告,介绍), prefer, decide decided, insist (坚持,强烈要求), desire (愿望,欲望,要求),desired (渴望的,想得到的).
2)用于主语从句,从句谓语用should + 动词原形或只用动词原形。
类动词有: vital (重要的,致命的), important, essential (必不可少的,必要的), necessary (必定,当然),unnecessary (不必要的,多余的), impossible (不可能的,做不到的), sad, strange (奇怪的,陌生的), fitting (适应,配合), proper (适当的,特有的), appropriate (适合的,恰当的), settled (固定的).
2. 不定式
1) 通常只接动词不定式作宾主的常考动词:
agree, attempt (试图,努力), claim (主张,断言), decide, demand (要求,需要), ask, beg (乞讨,请求), fail (失败,忘记), care, consent (同意,答应), promise (答应,有希望), desire, hope, intend (想要,打算,企图), learn, offer (提供,提议), plan (设计), refuse, pretend (假装), require, appear (好像是,仿佛), arrange, expect, manage, tend (倾向,照料), afford (供给,担负得起), wish, want, seem (好像,仿佛), struggle (斗争), threaten (威胁), wait, undertake (接受,承担), venture (冒险,敢于), seek (寻找,试图), resolve (决议,解决), aim (志在,瞄准), apply (申请,运用), profess. (表示), happen, guarantee (保证),neglect (疏忽,忽略), prove (证明,结果), trouble (打扰,费神), bother (打扰,麻烦), care (关心,喜欢), choose (选择,甘愿), etc.
2) 用于动词+宾语+不定式结构的常考动词:
force (强迫,迫使), hire (雇佣,租借), tell, require, teach (教书,教训), warn (警告), allow, ask, inform(通知,告发) beg, convince (使信服,使确信), expect, invite (邀请,招待), order, permit (允许,许可), promise (允许,答应), instruct (指示,命令), prepare (准备,预备), urge (鼓励,促进), remind (提醒), want, advise (忠告,通知), persuade (说服,使相信), cause (引起), dare (敢,胆敢), forbid (禁止), like, challenge (挑战), request, get, need, oblige (迫使,使感激), encourage (鼓励,促进), enable (使能够), compel (强迫,逼迫), recommend (劝告,推荐), declare (宣布,表明), prove (证明,鉴定), command (命令,指挥), lead (引导,带领), press (压,挤), etc.
3) 用于be+形容词+不定式结构的常考动词:
anxious (担心的,渴望的), dangerous (危险的,不安全的), pleased (高兴的,满足的), hard , eager (热心的,渴望的), easy, fortunate (幸运地,侥幸的), strange (奇怪的,陌生的), good, ready (现成的,情愿的), usual (通常的), prepared, surprised (感到惊讶的), common (普通的,公共的), useless (无用的,), asked , lucky, difficult (困难的,艰难的), likely (可能的,), careful (小心的,仔细的), sure (确信的,一定的), glad (高兴的,愉快的), sorry (难过的,悔恨的), bored (无聊的,烦人的), able, free, quick, willing., determined, afraid. etc.
4) 用于名词+不定式结构的常考名词:
failure (失败者), offer (提供,提议), plan, ability (能力,才能), decision (决定,果断), desire(愿望,要求), chance, permission (许可,允许), occasion (场合,时节), fun (玩笑), honor (荣誉,尊敬), wish, pleasure, opportunity, demand (要求,需求), way, refusal (拒绝,推辞), responsibility (责任,职责), freedom (自由,自主), promise, etc.
5) 后面跟省去 “to” 的不定式作宾补的常考动词:
see, watch, notice (注意,通告), observe (遵守,注意到), hear, listen to, feel (感觉,认为),get,make, have, let, help, know, look at, smell. etc.
6) 表结果的短语+不定式:so…as to…, such…as to…, enough to…, only to…, too…to…
3.动名词:
1) 通常只接动名词作宾语的动词:
admit (承认,接纳), appreciate (感激,评价), avoid (避免,逃避), delay (推迟,延误), deny (否认,), enjoy, finish, miss, postpone (推迟,延期), put off (拖延), practice, quit (离开,停止), suggest, keep, complete (完成,结束), anticipate (期望,预料), discuss, understand, favor(喜爱,帮助), escape (逃避,避免), forgive, consider, prohibit (禁止,不准), mind, dislike, can’t help(禁不住), risk, involve, imagine (想象), look forward to (期望,盼望), can’t stand (不能忍受), consider, ensure, excuse, pardon, give up (放弃), include, keep on (遵守), report, suggest. involve, etc.
2) 常跟动名词作宾语的动词短语:
approve of (赞成), insist on (坚持,强调), persist in, spend in ,engage in (从事), depend on, keep on, rely on (依靠,信赖), worry about, succeed in, give up, calculate on (计算), lead to(通向,导致), contribute to (有助于), devote to (献身,投入), object to (反对), look forward to, confess to (承认), concentrate on(集中于), focus on (使集中于), etc.
3) 用于 “名词+介词+动名词”结构的名词:
pleasure in (以…为乐), opportunity of (…的机会), advise on (就…提出劝告), method for (…的方法), excuse for (…的借口), intention of (…的目的,意图), probability of (…的可能性), concern about (对…的关心), difficulty in (限于…的困境), trouble in (遇到…的麻烦), shortage of (…的不足), comment on (…的评论), importance of (…的重要性), necessity of (…的需要), approach to (接近/探讨…), etc.
4) 用于 “be+形容词+介词+动名词”结构的形容词:
accustomed to (习惯于…), afraid of (害怕…), fond of (对…的喜爱), successful in (在某方面的成功), capable of (有…的能力), tired of (厌烦做某事), interested in, intent on (在某方面的打算), keep on, used to, good at, particular about (…的细节), bent on (致力于….), engaged in (从事于/忙于做某事), involved in (限入), devoted to (把…奉献给,专心于…),etc.
5) 动词后可跟原形动词和动名词::+do/doing
discover (发现,发觉), feel, find, force (强迫,迫使), get, imagine (想像,假想), etc..
6)v.+sb. into doing:,动词有:cheat (欺骗), trick (欺骗,哄骗), deceive (欺骗), fool(愚弄), shame (侮辱),surprise(惊讶,吃惊), talk.etc.7)v.+sb. from doing,动词有: prevent, stop, keep, hinder(阻碍), restrain(抑制), save(拯救,节省).

fill in out 填写表格 find out 查明,发现 get/put across 解释清楚 get along (with)与…相处get at 到达,知道,领会,意思指 get away 走开,离开,逃脱 get by 通过,过得去,过活 get down 从…下来,写下 get sown to sth. 开始,着手做 get in 进入,参加,收获,收回,插嘴get by heart 记住,背诵 get off 下车,动身离开get out of 逃避,逃掉 get over 克服掉get rid of 摆脱 get the best of 从中得到最大益处 get the better of 占据上风,胜过 get through 通过,完成,接通电话,花光钱get to 到达,触及 go into 详述,调查,研究,从事hand down 传下来,传给 go off 不再喜欢,爆炸,成功进行hand in 上交 go out 熄灭,停止运转,过时hand out 分发 go over 仔细查看,检查hand over 移交,交付给 go through 检查,经历,遭遇hang about/around 闲荡 go up 上升,被炸毁hang on 等待片刻,抓紧不放 go without 不享受,没有也无妨hang up 挂起来,挂断电话 go wrong 出毛病 head for 向…走去,驶向 help oneself to 自取所需8. hold back 阻止前进,忍住,抑制 9. impose on 强人所难,欺骗10. keep an eye on 留意照看 keep back 隐瞒,保留,阻止keep down 限制,控制,降低 keep off 使不接近,避开keep on 继续,反复地做 keep to 遵守,信守,坚持stick to 坚持 adhere to 坚持11. knock down 打倒,击倒 knock out 打昏,击昏13. lay 置放,铺,设置,布置 lay aside 放在一边,储蓄set aside 储蓄 put aside 储蓄lay down 放下,规定,制订 lay out 安排,布置,设计lay off 下岗,辞退 14. leave alone 听其自然,别管15. lie in 在于 hold on 握住不放16. line up 使排成行,排队 hold onto 紧紧抓住17. live on (靠某人、某事)生活 hold out 伸出,坚持要求,不屈 live through 度过,经受过 hold up 举起,耽搁live up to 遵守,不辜负期望 18. look after 照料,管理,关心look at 看 look back 回顾,回头看 look down upon 看不起 look for 寻找look forward to 期待着 look in 顺道访问 look into 调查,观察 look on 参观look out 注意,留神 look over 把…看一遍,温习,查看 look through 浏览,通读 look up to 尊敬,敬仰19. lose heart 失去信心 leave behind 忘了带,留下leave for 动身前往产 leave off 停止,中断 leave out sth. 漏掉 20. lend itself to 有助于,适合于
21. let alone 别碰,别打扰,要不要说 let down 让…失望 let go of 放开,松手 let in 容许进入,漏水,把衣服弄窄
let loose 放松,释放 let off 排放,放过,宽恕22. pass away 逝世 pass out 失去知觉,昏倒23. pay back 偿还,回报,报复 pay off 还清,得到好结果,取得成功pay up 拣起,中途搭人,学会 24. play a joke on 和某人开玩笑play a part in 扮演角色,发挥作用 play with a toy 玩弄,摆弄25. pull down 拆毁,拉侄,拉下,降低 pull in (车船)进站pull off 脱衣等,实现 pull on 穿、戴pull out 拔出,(车船)驶出 pull up 使停下26. put across 解释清楚 put away 放好,收好,储蓄put forward 提出计划、要求等 put in 花费,付出时间,正式提出put off 推迟 put on 穿上,增加体重put out 熄灭,公布,发布,生产出 put up 建造,搭起,提供膳宿,张贴27. refer to 提及,参考 28. regardless of 不顾,不管29. lose one’s head 不知所措 lose one’s temper 发脾气 lose one’s way 迷路 lose the track of 失去对…的联系30. major in 主修 make for 走向,导致,促成
make sense 讲得通,有意义 make up(for) 补偿,弥补make way for 开路,让路 make from 由…制成31. mix up 混合,搞混 32. object to 反对,不赞成33. occur to sb. 使某人想起 34. remind sb of sth. 使某人想起35. resort to 诉诸于 36. result in 导致后果 result from 由于什么而造成 37. ring off 挂断电话ring up 打电话给某人 38. run away with (感情等)战胜,不受约束run down 贬你,减少,精疲力竭 run into 偶然碰见run out of 用完,耗尽run over 碾过,很快看一遍run through 贯穿,济览,花光39. scale down 按比例缩小scale up 按比例放大 40. see about 办理,安排see off 给送行 see through 看破,识破see to 照料,注意,修理 see to it that 务必做到…41. send for 派人去请,召唤send in 递送,提交send off 邮寄,发送42. serve as 作为,用作serve sb right 活该,罪有应得43. step in 齐步,合拍step up 加速44. stick to 坚持45. set about 开始着手做某事set aside 留出,储蓄set down 记下,写下,放下set apart 使分离民,使分开,拔出set fire to 放火烧 set forth 陈述,阐明set off 出发

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