微生物菌剂优秀的标准:居里夫人的英文简介

Madam Curie is a French professor of physics. She was born in Poland in 1867. In 1891 she went to study in Paris University because at that time women were not admitted to universities in Poland. When she was studying in Paris, she lived a poor life, but she worked very hard. In 1895 she married Pierre Curie, and then they worked together on the research into radioactive matter. They discovered two kinds of radioactive matter----polonium and radium. In 1904 she and her husband were given the Nobel Prize for physics. In 1906 Pierre died, but Marie went on working. She received a second Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911. So she became the first scientist in the world to win two Nobel Prizes

居里夫人即玛丽居里（Marie Curie），是一位原籍为波兰的法国科学家。她与她的丈夫皮埃尔居里(Pierre Curie)都是放射性的早期研究者，他们发现了放射性元素钋(Po)和镭(Ra)，并因此与法国物理学家亨利。贝克勒尔(Henry Becquerel)分享了1903年诺贝尔物理学奖。之后，居里夫人继续研究了镭在在化学和医学上的应用，并且因分离出纯的金属镭而又获得1911年诺贝尔化学奖。

居里夫人在婚前姓名为曼娅。斯卡洛多斯卡（波兰文为Manya Sklodowska），于1867年11月7日出生于波兰华沙市，当时波兰正在俄国统治之下。曼娅的父母都是教师，在她出生（她是他们的的第五个孩子）后不久他们就失去了教师职位。为了糊口，他们包下了一些学生的伙食。为此，年轻的曼娅也要协助做饭，每天要工作很长时间。然而她仍获得了中学生的优秀奖章。中学毕业后，她当了家庭教师。1891年她到巴黎进了巴黎大学，攻读物理学和数学，毕业时成绩名列全班第一。1894年她与法为物理学家皮埃尔。居里相识，第二年他们结了婚。

从1896年开始，居里夫妇共同研究起了放射性。在此之前，德国物理学家伦琴(Wilhelm Roentgen 1845-1923)发现了X-射线（他因此获得1901年诺贝尔物理学奖），贝克勒尔发现了铀盐发射出类似的射线。居里夫人发现钍(Th)亦具有放射性，并且沥青铀矿的放射性比任何含量的铀和钍能够解释的要强。居里夫妇于是努力寻找，终于在1898年宣布发现了放射性元素镭。他们最终从8吨废沥青铀矿中制得1克纯净的氯化镭，还提出了-射线（现在已知它是由电子组成的）是带负电荷的微粒的观点。

1906年皮埃尔。居里不幸被马车撞死，但居里夫人前未因此而倒下，她仍然 继续研究，于1910年与德比恩（Andre Debierne,1874-1949年，于1899年从沥青铀矿中发现放射性元素锕Ac）一起分离出纯净的金属镭。

1914年第一次世界大战爆发时，居里夫人用X-射线设备装备了救护车，并将其开到了前线。国际红十字会任命她为放射学救护部门的领导。在她女儿依伦(Irene Curie)和克莱因(Martha Klein)的协助下，居里夫人在镭研究所为部队医院的医生的护理员开了一门课，教他们如何使用X-射线这项新技术。20世纪20年代末期，居里夫人的健康状况开始走下坡路，长期受放射线的照射使她患上白血病，终于在1934年7月4日不治而亡。在此之前几个月，她的女儿依伦和女婿约里奥-居里(Joliot-Curie)宣布发现人工放射性（他们俩因此而荣获1935年诺贝尔化学奖）。

居里夫人的大半生都是清贫的，提取镭的艰苦过程是在简陋的条件下完成的。居里夫妇拒绝为他们的任何发现申专利，为的是让每个人都能自由地利用他们的发现。他们把诺贝尔奖金和其奖金都用到了以后的研究中去了。他们地研究工作的杰出应用之一就是应用放射性治疗癌症。

Madam Curie is a French professor of physics. She was born in Poland in 1867. In 1891 she went to study in Paris University because at that time women were not admitted to universities in Poland. When she was studying in Paris, she lived a poor life, but she worked very hard. In 1895 she married Pierre Curie, and then they worked together on the research into radioactive matter. They discovered two kinds of radioactive matter----polonium and radium. In 1904 she and her husband were given the Nobel Prize for physics. In 1906 Pierre died, but Marie went on working. She received a second Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911. So she became the first scientist in the world to win two Nobel Prizes

居里夫人
Born Marja Sklodowska, Marie Curie was born in Warsaw on November 7, 1867. Her father taught high school physics. In 1891 she went to Paris (where she changed her name to Marie) and enrolled in the Sorbonne. Two years later she passed the examination for her degree in physics, ranking in first place. She met Pierre Curie in 1894, and they married in 1895. Marie Curie was interested in the recent discoveries of radiation. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen had discovered X rays in 1895, and in 1896 Antoine Henri Becquerel had discovered that the element uranium gives off similar invisible radiations. Curie thus began studying uranium radiations, and, using piezoelectric techniques devised by her husband, carefully measured the radiations in pitchblende, an ore containing uranium. When she found that the radiations from the ore were more intense than those from uranium itself, she realized that unknown elements, even more radioactive than uranium, must be present. Marie Curie was the first to use the term radioactive to describe elements that give off radiations as their nuclei break down

居里夫人1867-1934:法国化学家和物理学家，原籍波兰，世界上第一个两次获得诺贝尔奖的杰出科学家。

Madam Curie is a French professor of physics. She was born in Poland in 1867. In 1891 she went to study in Paris University because at that time women were not admitted to universities in Poland. When she was studying in Paris, she lived a poor life, but she worked very hard. In 1895 she married Pierre Curie, and then they worked together on the research into radioactive matter. They discovered two kinds of radioactive matter----polonium and radium. In 1904 she and her husband were given the Nobel Prize for physics. In 1906 Pierre died, but Marie went on working. She received a second Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911. So she became the first scientist in the world to win two Nobel Prizes