盛宠为后全文免费阅读:中西节日的特点&分别,谢谢!越详细越好

来源:百度文库 编辑:中科新闻网 时间:2024/04/30 00:52:39

节日往往是一种文化的反映,而一个开放的国度必然要经历接受文化多元化的过程。有些节日,是为了缅怀纪念历史中的某件事、某个人,比如端午节;有些节日则是为了沉淀一个民族的记忆与温情,比如春节、中秋;还有些节日,似乎只是一个人人都乐于接受的借口,给平静的生活一个欢乐的机会,比如光棍节……

有很多的不一样
虽然都有庆元旦之类的 还有国庆啊什么的
但是中国的节日大多都是为纪念民族英雄 还有家庭的团圆什么的
而西方的节日大多数都是关于宗教的 还有个人的
在中国人熟知的西方节日里 基本都是属于狂欢的 可是中国的狂欢节日好像就很少 几乎就等于没有

圣诞节(Christmas)
圣诞节是欧美国家一年中最重要的节日。它原本是耶稣基督(Jesus christ)诞辰纪念日,如今已成为西方国家全民性的节日,颇似中国的春节。圣诞节定于每年12月25日,而圣诞节节期(Christmas Season)往往持续二周。这段时期里,雪片般的贺卡飞往世界各地,电话线、通讯网频繁地传递人们的祝福和问候;大街小巷粉饰一新,商店橱窗前大减价、大拍卖的广告格外醒目;到处可见人们拎着大包小包的节日用品匆匆而过,到处可听见欢快的歌声和笑声。车站、机场里此时挤满了盼望回家的人群,因为圣诞节也是家人团聚的日子。无论外出多远,人们都会想方设法赶回家与亲人团聚。

新年(New Year's Day)
在西方国家,尽管圣诞节才是最大的节日,新年在人们心目中仍占有不可替代的重要地位。除夕之夜(New Year's Day)晚会是庆祝新年到来必不可少的活动。西方各国的人们都喜欢在欢快的乐曲和绚丽的光彩中喜气洋洋地度过一年的最后一个夜晚。此时,化装晚会特别受欢迎。来宾们把尊严和谨慎藏在面具之后,打扮得稀奇古怪。大家无拘无束,尽情玩乐,与平日的行为大相径庭。在英美两国,午夜钟声一响,参加晚会的人们还要手拉手高唱"友谊地久天长"这首著名的苏格兰民歌。

情人节(Valentine's day )
每年2月14 日 ,在春回大地之时,欧美各地的人们都会欢度情人节(又名“圣瓦伦丁节”)。在这个充满了浪漫与幻想的节日里,情侣位互拆衷肠。许多人选择这一天订婚、结婚;各地 的大学、中学 和一些团体俱乐部主办热闹非凡的情人舞会;商店里推出各种表达柔情蜜意的礼品,剧院里演出以爱情为主题的戏剧节目,报刊杂志则刊登永志史书的罗曼史……

愚人节(April fool's Day)
一年中有一天西方国家的人可以名正言顺地说谎,取笑别人,当然也会被人取笑。不仅如此,谁编造的谎言最离奇,最能骗人,那么他就会荣获“桂冠”。在这个尽情开玩笑的日子里,有些玩笑虽然开得过火,近乎恶作剧,可是人们并不在意,因为大家都知道这一天是愚人节。

复活节 (Easter)
复活节是为了纪念耶稣被钉上十字架,3天后死而复活的基督教节日。它是基督教与古代所谓异教风俗的结合物。据说复活节(Easter)一词源于盎格鲁撒克逊民族神话中黎明女神的名字Eostre。它的愿意是指冬日逝去后,春天的太阳从东方升起,把新生命带回。由于该词喻意新生,于是被基督教教徒借用过来表示生命、光明、欢乐的恩赐者耶稣再次回到人间。按照习俗,复活节的日期是3月21日起月圆后的第一个星期日。如果月圆正值星期日,则要顺延至下一个星期日。历年复活节的实际日期最早可在3月22日,最晚则要挪到4月25日。根据各国不同的规定,人们都会或多或少休假几天。一般来,大学都从复活节开始放春假,假期长达三四周,短的也有一两周。过去,在多数西方国家里,复活节一般要举行盛大的宗教游行。游行者身穿长袍,手持十字架,赤足前进。他们打扮成基督教历史人物,唱着颂歌欢庆耶稣复活。如今节日游行已失去往日浓厚的宗教色彩。节日游行洋溢着喜庆的气氛,具有浓烈的民间特色和地方特色。在美国,游行队伍中即有身穿牛仔服踩高跷的小丑,也有活泼可爱的卡通人物米老鼠。在英国,游行多以介绍当地的历史和风土人情为主,游行者化装成为苏格兰风笛乐队以及皇宫卫士,吸引了众多的游客。复活节的到来还使人们纷纷换上新衣。过去基督教教徒会在节前去教堂行洗礼,然后穿上自己的新袍,庆祝基督的新生。穿戴一新的习俗保留至今,因为人们认为节日里不穿新衣是要倒运的。复活节期间,人们还喜欢彻底打扫自己的住处,表示新生活从此开始。

万圣节前夕(Halloween)
假如你在10月的某一天徜徉在美国、英国或爱尔兰等国的街头,忽然发现到处挂满了面目狰狞鬼脸。商店门外的音箱不时发出鬼怪凄厉的叫声,你应该立刻意识到一年一度的万圣节(All Saints's Day or All Holy Ones' Day )再次来临了。
圣诞节Christmas
An Ancient Holiday
The middle of winter has long been a time of celebration around the world. Centuries before the arrival of the man called Jesus, early Europeans celebrated light and birth in the darkest days of winter. Many peoples rejoiced during the winter solstice, when the worst of the winter was behind them and they could look forward to longer days and extended hours of sunlight.
In Scandinavia, the Norse celebrated Yule from December 21, the winter solstice, through January. In recognition of the return of the sun, fathers and sons would bring home large logs, which they would set on fire. The people would feast until the log burned out, which could take as many as 12 days. The Norse believed that each spark from the fire represented a new pig or calf that would be born during the coming year.
The end of December was a perfect time for celebration in most areas of Europe. At that time of year, most cattle were slaughtered so they would not have to be fed during the winter. For many, it was the only time of year when they had a supply of fresh meat. In addition, most wine and beer made during the year was finally fermented and ready for drinking.

感恩节The History of Thanksgiving and its CelebrationsCelebrations
Thanksgiving is celebrated on the 4th Thursday of November.
Thanksgiving Day in America is a time to offer thanks, of family gatherings and holiday meals. A time of turkeys, stuffing, and pumpkin pie. A time for Indian corn, holiday parades and giant balloons .
Throughout history mankind has celebrated the bountiful harvest with thanksgiving ceremonies.
Before the establishment of formal religions many ancient farmers believed that their crops contained spirits which caused the crops to grow and die. Many believed that these spirits would be released when the crops were harvested and they had to be destroyed or they would take revenge on the farmers who harvested them. Some of the harvest festivals celebrated the defeat of these spirits.
Harvest festivals and thanksgiving celebrations were held by the ancient Greeks, the Romans, the Hebrews, the Chinese, and the Egyptians.

万圣节Halloween October
Spooky, kooky, creepy, and fun! Halloween is the time of Ghosts, Goblins, Gravestones and Graveyards. Of Spooks and Spirits and silly-fun tricks. Of Witches and Warlocks and Scary Black Cats. And Candy Corn, Jelly Apples, Pumpkins and Bats.
Halloween is one of the oldest holidays with origins going back thousands of years. The holiday we know as Halloween has had many influences from many cultures over the centuries. From the Roman's Pomona Day, to the Celtic festival of Samhain, to the Christian holidays of All Saints and All Souls Days.

我尽力了 :)
Advent (耶稣)降临节

Lady Day, Annunciation 天使报喜节(3月25日)

Ascension Day 耶稣升天节(复活节后第四十日)

Assumption 圣母升天节(8月15日)

Candlemas 圣烛节(2月2日)

New Year, New Year's Day 新年(1月1日)

Corpus Christi 圣体节

Quadragesima 四旬节(四旬斋的第一个星期日)

Lent 四旬斋,大斋期(复活节前的第四十个星期日)

Low (或Quasimodo) Sunday, 复活节后第一个星期日

All Souls'Day (天主教)万灵节(11月2日)(如遇星期日则顺延一天)

Palm Sunday 棕枝全日(复活节前的星期日)

Easter Sunday, Easter 复活节

Epiphany, Twelfth Day 主显节(1月6日)

day of obligation 每人需停止工作参加礼拜的日子

Maundy Thursday 濯足星期四(耶稣受难节)

Shrove Tuesday 忏悔节(四旬斋开始的前一天)

Ash Wednesday 复活节前的第七个星期三

Christmas 圣诞节(12月25日)

Christmas Eve 圣诞前夕

New Year's Eve 新年前夕

Easter 复活节

Whitsun, Whitsuntide 圣神降临周(复活节后的第七周,尤指前三天)

Quinquagesima 四旬斋前的星期日

Ramadan 斋?/P>

Rogation Days 祈祷节(耶稣升天节的前三天)

Sabbath 安息日

Feast of the Sacred Heart 圣心节

Midsummer Day 施洗约翰节(6月24日)

Passion Week 复活节前第二周

Holy Week 圣周(复活节前一周)

Septuagesima 四旬斋前的第三个星期日

Sexagesima 四旬斋前的第二个星期日

Ember Days 四季节

All Saints' Day 万圣节

Trinity Sunday, Trinity 圣三主日(复活节后的第八个星期日)

Good Friday 耶稣受难节

Visitation 圣母往见节 你看基本都是关于宗教的

而且西方节日比较适应现在的生活方式,简洁、浪漫,中国节日植根于华夏千年儒文化基础之上,现代社会显然对儒文化的重视程度不够,改革开放的的一大失误就是忽视了对本土文化的保护与继承