2017年苏州星光耀房价:什么是间接引语

Indirect speech 间接引语
何为直接引语和间接引语
一字不改的引述别人的话，叫做直接引语; 用说话人自己的话转述别人的话，就叫间接引语。
直接引语变为间接引语需注意的问题。
1． 1． 直接引语为陈述句。
直接引语若为陈述句，变为间接引语时，间接引语往往边为有从属连词that (在口语中常可省略) 引导的宾语从句，引述动词常用say, tell等，在边为间接引语中要注意下列的变化。
（1） （1） 人称变化： 将直接引语的人称作相应的改变。 在改变人称时需按照转述者
在实际说话中的着眼点而定。
Eg. “ I’m tired”, he said. 改为
He said (that) he was tired.
“ I’m tired,” I said. 改为
I said (that) I was tired.
(2) 时态的变化：直接引语的引述动词若为现在时态或将来时态，直接引语变为见解引语时，时态可保持不变。
Eg. Jim says, “I’ve read Tom’s book and I didn’t understand it.” 改为
Jim says (that) he has read Tony’s book and didn’t understand it.
He will say, “The boy was lazy.” 改为
He will tell you that the boy way lazy.
注意：如果直接引语的引述动词若为过去时态，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态要作如下变化：
a) a) 现在时态变为一般过去时
eg. He told me, “ I know him.” 改为
He told me that he knew him.
一般现在时变为一般过去时，
eg. She told me, “ We are meeting him later at the pub.” 改为
She told me that they were meeting him later at the pub.
现在完成（进行）时变为过去完成（进行）时。
Eg. He said, “ The lights have gone out.”
He said (that) the lights had gone out.
Eg. She said, “ I’ve been waiting for ages.”
She said (that) she had been waiting for ages.
注意：如果直接引语是，客观真理，一般现在时则保持不变。
Eg. “ The earth moves around the sun”, the teacher told us.
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun
b) b) 过去时变为过去完成时，一般过去时变为过去完成时（强调一件事发生在另洋件事之前） 或保持不变（ 有明确的过去时间状语）， 过去进行时变为过去完成进行时，过去完成（进行）时不变。
Eg. “ I took it home with me, “ she said.
She said she had taken it home with her.
Eg. The teacher said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492.”
The teacher said that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
Eg. “ I was driving carefully when my car hit the tree,” he told the police.
He told the police that he had been driving carefully when his car hit the tree.
（主从复合句的直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的一般过去时通常不变为过去完成时
eg. He said, “ I hadn’t seen her before.”
He said that he hadn’t seen her before.
c) c) 将来时变为过去将来时
eg. He said, “ I will/ shall be in Paris on Monday.
He said he would be in Paris on Monday.
一般将来时变为过去将来时
eg. “ I will / shall be using the car myself on the 24th, she said.
She said she would be using the car herself on the 24th.
将来完成（进行）时变为过去将来完成（进行）时
eg. He said, “ I shall have finished reading the book by the end of this week.”
He said that he would have finished reading the book by the end of that week.
d) d) 现在时情态动词变为过去时情态动词，过去时情态动词不变。
Eg. She said, “ My son can swim very well.”
She said her son could swim very well.
Eg. He said, “ I could ride a bike when I was only six.”
He said that he could ride a bike when he was only six.

直接引语与间接引语
(Direct Speech and Indirect Speech)
1.定义:A.直接引述别人的话,叫
"直接引语".
B.用自己的话转述别人的话,叫
"间接引语".
间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句.直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号.
2.例如:约翰说:"我喜欢看故事书."(直接引语)
John said, "I like reading story books."
约翰说他喜欢看故事书.(间接引语)
John said that he liked reading story books.
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一.陈述句(Statements)
直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导.从句的人,时态,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语等要作相应的变化.
1)人称的变化
他说:"我非常喜欢它."
他说他非常喜欢它.
2)时态的变化
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化.如主句的谓语动词是现在时,从句的时态则无需变化.
He said, "I like it very much."
He said that he liked it very much.
3)指示代词,时间状语,地点状语和动词的变化
间接引语
直接引语
She said that she would go there that evening.
She said, "I'll come here this evening."
Come-go
He said that his sister had beenthere one week before.
He said, "My sister was here one week ago."
Here-there
She told me that he had left 30 minutes before.
She said, "He leftt 30 minutes ago."
Ago- before
She said that she would go there the next day.
She said, "I'll go there tomorrow."
Tomorrow-the next day
She said that she had gone there the day before.
She said, "Iwent there yesterday."
Yesterday-the day before
HE said that he hadn't seen her that day.
He said, "I haven't seen her today."
Today-that day
He said that it was nine o'clock then.
He said, "It's nine o'clock now."
Now-then
He said that those books were his.
He said, "These books are mine."
These-those
She said that she would finish the work that morning.
She said, "I'll finish the work this morning."
This-that
例 句
直接引语转化间接引语时的变化
时态的变化
间接引语
直接引语
She said that she would do it after class.
She said, "I'll do it after class."
一般将来时- 过去将来时
He said that he had finished the homework before supper.
He said, "I had finished my homework before supper."
过去完成时 不变
He said that he had come to help me.
He said, "I came to help you."
一般过去时- 过去完成时
She said that she had not heard from him since May.
She said, "I've not heard from him since May."
现在完成时- 过去完成时
He said that he was using the knife.
He said, "I'm using the knife."
现在进行时- 过去进行时
He said that he was afraid he couldn't finish the work.
He said, "I'm afraid I can't finish the work."
一般现在时— 一般过去时
列 句
直接引语转换成间接引语时的时态变化
注意:(1)直接引语如果是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态 不变.如:
He said, "Light travels much faster than sound." He said that light travels much faster than sound.
"A friend in need is a friend indeed,"Mother said to me. Mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.
(2) 如果在当地转述,here不必改为there,动词come 不必改为go.如果在当天转述,yesterday\tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变.
2.疑问句
直接引语如果是疑问句,变为间接引语时,要吧疑问句语序改为陈述语序.句末用句号,主语的人称,时态和状语等也要作相应地变化.
1)一般疑问句:直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,要用连词whether或if引导.主句中的谓语动词是said时,要改为asked,没有间接宾语的,可以家一个间接宾语(me,him,her,us ect).
(1)He said, "are you interested in English " He asked me if I was interested in English.
(2)He said, "Did you see him last night " He asked me whether Ihad seen him the night before.
2)特殊疑问句:直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,任用原来的疑问词引导.
"What can I do for you "he asked me. He asked me what he could do for me.
3.祈使句
转述祈使句时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带TO的不定式,并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell,ask,order等动词,其句型是:tell/ask/order someone (not)to do something如果祈使句为否定式,在不定式的前面加上not,如:
1)"Make sure the door id shut,"she said to her little son.
She told her little son to make sure the door was shut.
2) "Don't smoke in the room,"he said to me.
He told to me not to smoke in the room.