exo橙光游戏完结虐哭:ode to a nightingale《夜莺颂》-Johnkeats分析

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有大虾听说过这首诗吗?
ode to a nightingale

My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains
My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk,
Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains
One minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk:
'Tis not through envy of thy happy lot,
But being too happy in thy happiness, -
That thou, light-winged Dryad of the trees,
In some melodious plot
Of beechen green, and shadows numberless,
Singest of summer in full-throated ease.
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太长了不方便全部打出,只道的大虾能帮我分析以下这首诗吗?

认识John Keats(济慈)仅仅是源于他的一首抒情诗歌Ode to a Nightingale(夜莺颂)。他的“能够停留在不肯定、神秘感、怀疑之中,而不是令人生厌地追求事实和真理”的这种“消极感受力”,深浸于万物而了解万物,成为了他的诗歌美学理念的基石。正如他的Ode to a Nightingale中优美的诗句一样,让人深思、欢快、愉悦而欣欣然。他在Ode to a Nightingale的第一节中写道:“My heart aches,and a drowsy numbness pains /My sense,as though of hemlock I had drunk, /Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains /One minute past,and Lethe-wards had sunk: /Tis not through envy of thy happy lot, /But being too happy in thine happiness,- /That thou,light-winged Dryad of the trees, /In some melodious plot /Of beechen green,and shadows numberless, /Singest of summer in fill-throated ease.”

这种飘飘然欲仙的感觉,在夜莺歌声的刺激下,迸发出诸多混合而矛盾的感受力。这或许与他悲惨的身世有不少联系。因为接受痛苦多的人,其表现往往只有两种。一种是更加敏感更加有感受,另一种是麻木。John Keats属于前者,典型的前者。这位8岁丧父、14岁丧母的痛苦人,在23岁丧弟的同一年患上了肺结核(当时治不了),并且绝望地爱上了一个名叫Fanny Brawne的姑娘。他的贫穷,他的一钱不值,再加上他对诗歌的狂热,使他永远处在一种心灵折磨的旋涡中。

然而,夜莺美妙动人的歌声就像一盅清醇的葡萄酒,他“Tasting of Flora and the country green,/Dance,and Provencal song,and sunburnt mirth”,然后便飘入仙境,“That I might drink,and leave the world unseen,/And with thee fade away into the forest dim:”到了一个极其美妙的理想世界。在那里,没有生老病死的折磨,没有无奈、绝望和忧伤,没有苍白、消瘦和死亡的青春,没有稍纵即逝的爱情。“…… The weariness,the fever,and the fret /Here,where men sit and hear each other groan;/ Where palsy shakes a few,sad,last gray hairs./ Where youth grown pale,and spectre-thin,and dies;/ Where but to think is to be full fo sorrow /And leaden-eyed despairs,/ Where Beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes,/Or new Love pine at them beyond to-morrow.”

既然夜莺的世界这么好,这么有吸引力,身心憔悴的John Keats决定on the viewless wings of Poesy,借助诗歌和想象力的翅膀,向夜莺飞去。途中,他欣赏到了the Queen-Moon,美丽的月光。当他到达夜莺所歌唱的embalmed darkness,guess each sweet的仙境时,“Wherewith the seasonable month endows /The grass,the thicket,and the fruit-tree wild; /White hawthorn,and the pastoral eglantine, /Fast fading violets cover'd up in leaves; /And mid-May's eldest child, /The coming musk-rose,full of dewy wine, /The murmurous haunt of flies on summer eves.”在这里,诗人不再惧怕死亡,而是更希望通过死亡来达到精神上的解脱。

John Keats认为,夜莺的歌声是美妙绝伦的,是不朽的,是永恒的,将世世代代的唱下去。“Thou wast not born for death,immortal Bird!……/Through the sad heart of Ruth,when sick for home,/She stood in tears amid the alien corn;/The same that oft-times hath /Charmed magic casements,opening on the foam”生动而奇异的幻想的世界,在John Keats的诗歌里得到了超凡的体现。然而一切都仅仅是个梦幻,仅仅是个梦幻而已,他却乐此不疲地享受着这里的种种在现实世界中享受不到的美好。或许这正合了他的另一个美学理念,即“美即是真”。

但是,诗人并没有沉浸其中而不知返回。在诗歌的最后一节里,John Keats这样写道:“Forlorn!The very word is like a bell /To toll me back from thee to my sole self! /Adieu!The fancy cannot cheat so well /As she is fam'd to do,deceiving elf.”夜莺歌声的逐渐消逝,诗人重新回到现实中来。他自我纳闷:“Was it a vision,or a waking dream? /Fled is that music--Do I wake or sleep?”在这个“充满不幸、伤心、痛苦、病态和压迫”的世界,诗人“宁肯让自己的心灵在生活的矛盾和煎熬中接受洗礼,也不愿沉溺于自己所创造的感官美的世界而不能自拔”。意味深长的结尾,也更加体现了“真即是美”的美学认识。

在Nightingale的仙境中,在忧郁、痛苦和绝望的同时,诗人感受到了快乐。他“既感受到了想象中完美的、和谐的梦幻世界的诱惑,又痛切地感受到了现实生活中不可摆脱的沉重的压力”。他“企求超然物外,从尘世中解脱,同时又不是彻头彻尾的消极逃避”。他最终还是回到了冷冰冰的现实,直面惨淡的人生。永远是个paradox的人生,以及由其所导致的paradox心态。虽然“人生的最高境界必须有世界的苦难感”,但是现实的要求,John Keats是最明白不过的了。

Ode to a Nightingale虽然诞生于诗人身心极度痛苦和情感极度绝望之中,但是对于美的迷恋和崇拜,使他体会到了无与伦比的美的洗礼,也使得他的读者们感受到了美的存在。这位在25岁就去逝的诗人,在其生命的最后5年里,迸发出强大的创作能量,写成了大量的杰作,成为超过了William Shakespeare、John Milton等,并可与William Wordsworth相提并论的重要的浪漫主义诗人之一。Nightingale无愧,John Keats无愧。